Key Takeaways A more flexible 6G synchronization signal structure is under study. The 3GPP Radio Access Network Working Group 1 (RAN1) discussed draft terminology that would replace 5G’s fixed structure of up to 64 Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) per burst with a more flexible “6G Radio (6GR) SSB burst” and “6GR SSB burst set.” The … Read more
Key Takeaways from RAN Plenary #111, Fukuoka Way forward agreed on how much spectrum 6G devices can use at the key 7 GHz band — A dispute over how wide a block of radio spectrum 6G devices should be able to use in a single transmission was resolved at the plenary level. The agreed way … Read more
Key Takeaways Overview 3GPP’s RAN WG1 and RAN WG2 met in Gothenburg, Sweden, while the SA working groups met concurrently in Goa, India — both running February 9–13, 2026, for their respective 124th, 133rd, and 173rd sessions. These meetings arrived at a transition point: Release 19 was formally closed with ASN.1 frozen after RAN plenary … Read more
Ofinno’s Standards Readouts feature expert insight and analysis that translates complex standardization progress into actionable insights to help navigate the future 5G/6G, next-gen Wi-Fi, and media compression technologies. Overview 2025 brought meaningful progress across the cellular, Wi-Fi, and video compression standards communities. In 3GPP, Release 19 reached its functional freeze while Release 20 initiated 6G … Read more
Ofinno’s Standards Readouts feature expert insight and analysis that translates complex standardization progress into actionable insights to help navigate the future 5G/6G, next-gen Wi-Fi, and media compression technologies. Overview At the November 2025 3GPP meetings in Dallas, discussions across the Service and System Aspects (SA) and Radio Access Network (RAN) working groups marked a clear … Read more
Muhammad Kazmi Principal Technical Staff To improve energy efficiency in the fifth generation (5G) network, 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) introduced network energy saving techniques for 5G base stations in Rel-18. In Rel-19, additional network energy saving procedures are being specified as part of 5G evolution. This paper briefly discusses the legacy 5G network energy … Read more
Huifa Lin Senior Technical Staff Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies have been integrated into various facets of wireless communications. One of the most innovative AI/ML applications involves using autoencoders for end-to-end wireless communication and channel state information (CSI) compression. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has initiated the standardization of these techniques, … Read more
Stanislav Filin Senior Staff Engineer Starting from Release 18, the introduction of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) functionality into radio interface, radio access networks, and core networks has become one of the most significant topics in 3GPP standardization. In Release 18 alone, there were 16 study and work items among 3GPP working groups. This … Read more
In 3GPP Release 17 and Release 18, the work items on 5G Quality of Experience (QoE) management for diverse services were introduced. 5G is designed for various types of emerging services. Operators have a strong need to continuously upgrade their 5G networks to provide high-quality experiences for the emerging services. The existing 5QI (5G QoS … Read more
Gautham Prasad Senior Scientist Satellite communications were incorporated into the fold of 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) with a goal to expand cellular connectivity worldwide. The aim remains to cover everyone with a broadband-like 5th generation (5G) non-terrestrial network (NTN) and connect everything with an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based NTN. Several challenges associated with incorporating flying base … Read more
Handover (mobility) is a process of transferring an ongoing communication session of a user equipment (UE) from one cell (i.e., base station or gNodeB (gNB)) to another cell in connected state. The primary motivation behind handover is to ensure seamless connectivity and continuity of service for the user, especially while the user is on the … Read more
In 3GPP Release 17, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) work item was introduced. The NTN refers to a network or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite (or Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platform). The key concept in the NTN is that the NTN cells are provided from Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) satellites, … Read more
The 6G Symposium of Fall 2022 was held on the 11th and 12th of October at the Hotel Washington in Washington, DC. The symposium was organized in partnership with NextG Alliance – of which Ofinno is a founding and full member – together with Interdigital, Northeastern University, and Keysight. Thought leaders across industry, government, and … Read more
SungDuck Chun Author Overview The 5G system achieves a breakthrough increase in the key performance indicator of communication systems, compared to the previous generation 4G system. In addition, the 5G system introduced new functionalities supporting various emerging application scenarios. Based on the success of the 5G system, the 6G system is likely to emerge around … Read more
Mohammad G. Khoshkholgh D. Author This paper provides an overview of the current standardization progress in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) targeting integration of the satellite access network with New Radio (NR). It also discusses several impacted areas of NR, particularly in the physical layer and MAC layer, for incorporation of the satellite access … Read more
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